Since the beginning, more than 93 universities across North America and 16,500 students have participated in AVTCs. Each year, 200-500 students join forces in AVTCs mission of educating the next generation of automotive engineers and advancing state-of-the-art fuels and vehicle technologies.

During HEV Challenge, 30 universities competed in 1992-1993, and 40 universities competed in the second year from 1993-1994, and 39 universities competed in 1994-1995. These universities spanned across the United States and Canada and include the following:

Alfred University

• Location: Alfred, New York
• Years: 1993-1994, 1994-1995
• Vehicle: Ford Escort and
• Fuel: M85
• Faculty Advisors: George Tannous and Joe Rosczikowski

California State Polytechnic University – Pomona

• Location: Pomona, California
• Years: 1992-1993, 1994-1995
• Vehicle: Ground Up
• Fuel: Gasoline
• Faculty Advisor: Thomas Banwell and Dennis Fitzgerald

California State Polytechnic University – San Luis Obispo

• Location: San Luis Obispo, California
• Years: 1992-1993, 1994-1995
• Vehicle: Ground Up
• Fuel: Gasoline
• Faculty Advisor: Safwat Mustafa

California State University – Chico

• Location: Chico, California
• Years: 1993-1994, 1994-1995
• Vehicle: Saturn Sedan
• Fuel: Ethanol
• Faculty Advisors: Charles Allen and Ron Hall

California State University – Fresno

• Location: Fresno, California
• Years: 1993-1994, 1994-1995
• Vehicle: Saturn Sedan
• Faculty Advisor: Les Aldrich

California State University – Northridge

• Location: Northridge, California
• Years: 1992-1993, 1993-1994, 1994-1995
• Vehicle: Ford Escort
• Fuel: M85
• Faculty Advisor: Tim Fox and Phyllis Russel

Cedarville College

• Location: Cedarville, Ohio
• Years: 1993-1994, 1994-1995
• Vehicle: Saturn Sedan
• Fuel: M85

Colorado School of Mines

• Location: Golden, Colorado
• Years: 1992-1993, 1993-1994, 1994-1995
• Vehicle: Ford Escort
• Fuel: M85 and Ethanol (1994-1995)
• Faculty Advisor: Chuck Allport, Chris Braun, and David Munoz

Colorado State University

• Location: Fort Collins, Colorado
• Years: 1992-1993
• Vehicle: Ford Escort
• Fuel: Gasoline
• Faculty Advisor: C. Byron Winn

Concordia University

• Location: St. Paul, Minnesota
• Years: 1992-1993, 1993-1994, 1994-1995
• Vehicle: Ford Escort and Dodge Neon
• Fuel: Gasoline and CNG (1994-1995)
• Faculty Advisor: Tadeusz Krepec

Cornell University

• Location: Ithaca, New York
• Years: 1992-1993, 1993-1994, 1994-1995
• Vehicle: Ground Up
• Fuel: M85
• Faculty Advisor: Richard Warkentin

Ecole de Technologie Superieure

• Location: Montreal, Quebec
• Years: 1993-1994, 1994-1995
• Vehicle: Saturn Sedan
• Fuel: M85
• Faculty Advisor: Anh Dung Ngo

GMI Engineering and Management Institute

• Location: Flint, Michigan
• Years: 1993-1994, 1994-1995
• Vehicle: Saturn Sedan
• Fuel: Ethanol
• Faculty Advisors: Colin Jordan, Mark Thompson, and Massud Tavakoli

Illinois Institute of Technology

• Location: Chicago, Illinois
• Years: 1993-1994, 1994-1995
• Vehicle: Saturn Sedan
• Fuel: Ethanol
• Faculty Advisor: Francisco Ruiz

Jordan Energy Institute

• Location: Grand Rapids, Michigan
• Years: 1992-1993, 1993-1994
• Vehicle: Ford Escort
• Fuel: M85
• Faculty Advisor: Paul Zellar and Jim Keyzer

Lawrence Technological University

• Location: Southfield, Michigan
• Years: 1992-1993, 1993-1994, 1994-1995
• Vehicle: Ground Up
• Fuel: Gasoline
• Faculty: Charles Schwartz, Dr. Brancik, Dr. Anneberg, and Dr. Johnson

Michigan State University

• Location: Grand Rapids, Michigan
• Years: 1992-1993, 1993-1994, 1994-1995
• Vehicle: Ground Up
• Fuel: Gasoline
• Faculty Advisor: John Gerrish and Elisa Strangas

New York Institute of Technology

• Location: New York, New York
• Years: 1992-1993, 1993-1994, 1994-1995
• Vehicle: Ground Up
• Fuel: M85
• Faculty Advisor: Professor Beheshti and Edward Urban

Pennsylvania State University

• Location: University Park, Pennsylvania
• Years: 1992-1993, 1993-1994, 1994-1995
• Vehicle: Ford Escort
• Fuel: Gasoline
• Faculty Advisor: Kon-Well Wang, Brian Gilmore, and Jeff Mayer

Seattle University

• Location: Seattle, Washington
• Years: 1992-1993, 1993-1994
• Vehicle: Ford Escort
• Fuel: Gasoline
• Faculty Advisor: Ray Murphy and Jack Mattingly

Stanford University

• Location: Stanford, California
• Years: 1992-1993, 1993-1994
• Vehicle: Ford Escort
• Fuel: Gasoline
• Faculty Advisor: Martin Hellman and Reginald Mitchell

Texas A&M University

• Location: College Station, Texas
• Years: 1994-1995
• Vehicle: Dodge Neon
• Fuel: CNG

Texas Tech University

• Location: Lubbock, Texas
• Years: 1992-1993, 1993-1994, 1994-1995
• Vehicle: Ford Escort and Dodge Neon
• Fuel: Ethanol and CNG (1994-1995)
• Faculty Advisors: Dr. Jones, Dr. Maxwell, Dr. Parten, and Dr. Ernst

U.S. Naval Academy

• Location: Annapolis, Maryland
• Years: 1992-1993, 1993-1994, 1994-1995
• Vehicle: Ford Escort
• Fuel: Gasoline
• Faculty Advisors: Greg Davis, Frank Madeka, Gary Hodges, and Gerald Ballman

University of Alberta, Edmonton

• Location: Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
• Years: 1992-1993, 1993-1994, 1994-1995
• Vehicle: Ford Escort
• Fuel: Gasoline
• Faculty Advisor: David Checkel

University of British Columbia

• Location: Vancouver, British Columbia
• Years: 1994-1995
• Vehicle: Dodge Neon
• Fuel: CNG

University of California – Davis

• Location: Davis, California
• Years: 1992-1993, 1993-1994, 1994-1995
• Vehicles: Ground Up
• Fuel: Gasoline
• Faculty Advisor: Andy Frank

University of California- Irvine

• Location: Irvine, California
• Years: 1992-1993, 1993-1994, 1994-1995
• Vehicle: Ford Escort
• Fuel: Gasoline
• Faculty Advisor: Roland Schinzinger

University of California – Santa Barbara

• Location: Santa Barbara, California
• Years: 1992-1993, 1993-1994, 1994-1995
• Vehicle: Ground Up
• Fuel: Ethanol
• Faculty Advisors: Nick DiNapoli and Dr. Bothman

University of Connecticut

• Location: Storrs, Connecticut
• Years: 1994-1995
• Vehicle: Dodge Neon
• Fuel: CNG

University of Florida

• Location: Gainesville, Florida
• Years: 1994-1995
• Vehicle: Dodge Neon
• Fuel: CNG

University of Idaho and Washington State University

• Location: Moscow, Idaho
• Years: 1992-1993, 1993-1994, 1994-1995
• Vehicle: Ground Up
• Fuel: Gasoline
• Faculty Advisors: Dean Edwards, Dr. de Sam Lazaro, and Charles Pezeshki

University of Illinois at Chicago

• Location: Chicago, Illinois
• Years: 1994-1995
• Vehicle: Dodge Neon
• Faculty Advisors: Robert White and Phil Klein

University of Illinois, Urbana

• Location: Urbana, Illinois
• Years: 1992-1993, 1993-1994
• Vehicle: Ford Escort
• Fuel: Ethanol
• Faculty Advisor: Robert White

University of Maryland

• Location: College Park, Maryland
• Years: 1993-1994, 1994-1995
• Vehicle: Saturn Sedan
• Fuel: M85
• Faculty Advisor: David Holloway

University of Michigan – Ann Arbor

• Location: Ann Arbor, Michigan
• Years: 1994-1995
• Vehicle: Dodge Neon
• Fuel: CNG

University of Tennessee, Knoxville

• Location: Knoxville, Tennessee
• Years: 1992-1993, 1993-1994, 1994-1995
• Vehicle: Ground Up and Dodge Neon
• Fuel: Gasoline and CNG (1994-1995)
• Faculty Advisors: Dr. Adams, John Snyder, Jeff Hodgson, Fred Symonds, and Lori Snook

University of Texas, Arlington

• Location: Arlington, Texas
• Years: 1992-1993, 1993-1994
• Vehicle: Ground Up
• Fuel: M85
• Faculty Advisor: Robert Woods

University of Texas, Austin

• Location: Austin, Texas
• Years: 1993-1994, 1994-1995
• Vehicle: Saturn Sedan
• Fuel: M85
• Faculty Advisor: Matt hall

University of Texas, El Paso

• Location: El Paso, Texas
• Years: 1994-1995
• Vehicle: Dodge Neon
• Fuel: CNG

University of Tulsa

• Location: Tulsa, Oklahoma
• Years: 1992-1993, 1993-1994, 1994-1995
• Vehicle: Ground Up
• Fuel: Gasoline
• Faculty Advisor: John Henshaw

University of Western Ontario

• Location: London, Ontario
• Years:  1993-1994, 1994-1995
• Vehicle: Saturn Sedan
• Fuel: Ethanol
• Faculty Advisors: Dr. Singh and Dr. Adamiak

University of Wisconsin

• Location: Madison, Wisconsin
• Years: 1992-1993, 1993-1994, 1994-1995
• Vehicle: Ford Escort
• Fuel: M85
• Faculty Advisor: John Moskwa and Wayne Milestone

Virginia Tech

• Location: Blacksburg, Virginia
• Years: 1994-1995
• Vehicle: Dodge Neon
• Fuel: CNG

Washington University – St. Louis

• Location: St. Louis, Missouri
• Years: 1992-1993, 1993-1994
• Vehicle: Ford Escort
• Fuel: Ethanol
• Faculty Advisor: Richard Rabbitt and Theodosis Korakianitis

Wayne State University

• Location: Detroit, Michigan
• Years: 1992-1993, 1994-1995
• Vehicle: Ford Escort
• Fuel: Gasoline and M85 (1994-1995)
• Faculty Advisor: Jerome Meisel

Weber State University, Ogden

• Location: Ogden, Utah
• Years: 1992-1993, 1993-1994
• Vehicle: Ford Escort
• Fuel: Gasoline
• Faculty Advisor: David Erb, Kerry Tobin, Kermit Reister, Rick Dore, and Dolly Samson

Wentworth Institute of Technology

• Location: Boston, Massachusetts
• Years: 1993-1994, 1994-1995
• Vehicle: Saturn Sedan
• Fuel: M85
• Faculty Advisors: Peter Philliou and Richard Riels

West Virginia University

• Location: Morgantown, West Virginia
• Years: 1992-1993, 1993-1994, 1994-1995
• Vehicle: Ford Escort
• Fuel: M85
• Faculty Advisor: Parviz Famouri, Chris Atkinson, and Roy Nutter

Western Michigan University

• Location: Kalamazoo, Michigan
• Years: 1993-1994
• Vehicle: Saturn Sedan
• Faculty Advisors: Richard Hathaway and James McCarthy

Western Washington University

• Location: Bellingham, Washington
• Years: 1994-1995
• Vehicle: Dodge Neon
• Fuel: CNG